Role of hypovitaminosis D in the incidence and complications of diabetes mellitus in rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus continues to be a public health concern. Vitamin D had sparked widespread interest in the pathogenesis and prevention of diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D [deficiency and treatment] with alteration in fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance in alloxan injected rat

Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out using 40 male albino rats [Sprague Dawley] weighing 150+/-10g. Animals were randomly divided into three groups; first group fed standard diet as a negative control group. Diabetic group injected subcutaneously by alloxan, and fed on standard diet. The third group fed standard diet without vitamin D for two weeks. After that glucose and insulin were determined in each rat of all groups to insure alteration in fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] was calculated. Then the third group was divided to two subgroups. The first subgroup fed basil diet with required vitamin D; while the second subgroup fed standard diet with double dose vitamin D. At the end experiment [4 weeks], glucose, insulin, lipid profile, liver and renal functions were determined in blood and serum, while [HOMA-IR] and LDL were calculated for normal, diabetic group and both treatment subgroups

Results: Vitamin D deficiency group had the nearest results to the diabetic group injected with alloxan group in: insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR. Other groups had lower level than the other two groups in the same parameter. Our data explained the improvement in glucose level after feeding with vitamin D. Diabetic group injected with alloxan had increased in liver enzymes, renal function and lipid profile compared with other groups and showed variable changes in histopathological examination

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency status is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Vitamin D has also been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes associated complications

Association of Interleukin 27 gene polymorphism and risk of Hepatitis B viral infection in Egyptian population

According to the World Health Organization, Hepatitis B virus [HBV] is considered a major global public health problem. The genetic background may be a crucial etiologic factor in HBV infection and its complications. Interleukin-27 [IL-27] is a newly discovered cytokine encoded by 2 genes [EBI3 and p28]. Mutations in the IL-27 gene may lead to altered cytokine production and/or activity and thus modulate individual's susceptibility to HVB infection. This work was designed to study the association of IL-27p28 [964A/G, 2905T/G and 4730T/C] gene promoter single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] with the risk of Hepatitis B virus [HBV] in Egyptians. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that examines IL-27p28 promoter polymorphism in Egyptian patients. One hundred and sixteen patients with HBV infection and 101 healthy controls were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR/RFLP] in Egyptian population. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-27p28 gene polymorphisms between patients and controls. Furthermore, no association was found between the distributions of the haplotypes and HBV risk. Our data suggested that polymorphisms in the IL-27 gene may not contribute to HBV susceptibility. Further studies with large sample size should be conducted to validate these results in Egyptian population

Prognostic value of FOXP3 and TGF-beta expression in both peripheral blood and lymph nodes in patients with B-Non Hodgkin's lymphoma

Foxp3 has been studied as a biomarker of Treg cells in many solid malignant diseases, although its role as an immunomodulator in B-NHL remain poorly understood and the effect of traditional chemotherapy on its expression remains unclear. In this study the role of circulating and intra-tumoral Treg and TGF-beta in patients with B-NHL before and after chemotherapy was evaluated. Enumeration of Treg cells was carried out by flow cytometric staining of their cell surface markers CD4 and CD25 as well as by molecular analysis of its signature transcription factor FoxP3. Expression of FoxP3 was done using quantitative real-time PCR while TGF-beta mRNA expression was semi-quantitatively assayed by the conventional reverse transcription-PCR. In addition, spontaneous versus mitogen-induced release of TGF-beta by PBMCs was assessed by a short term cell culture followed by ELISA. This was done before and after six cycles of CHOP chemotherapy. The results were evaluated in relation to the clinicopathological data. A significant increase in mRNA transcripts of both Fox P3 and TGF-beta as well as the percentage of CD4[+] /CD25[+] in B-NHL patients before receiving the chemotherapy were recorded, when compared either to healthy controls or to patients after completion the treatment regimen. Interestingly 6 cycles of CHOP treatment caused significant reduction in all parameters under study

oxidative stress and platelet activation in patients infected with T. gondii

Toxoplasma gondiiis a highly frequent obligate intracellular protozoan parasite; it can cause serious problems to the public health especially pregnant females, however, the pathogenesis of this condition is not clear. Was to evaluate the status and the inter-relationship of the oxidative stress and platelet activation in patients infected with T.gondii. Thirty patients infected with T.gondii [10 acute and 20 chronic cases] and 10 healthy subjects [control group] were included in this study. Serum levels of malondialdehyde [MDA], total glutathione [t GSH], reduced glutathione [GSH], oxidized glutathione [GSSG], redox potential [RP] and soluble P-selectin [sP-selectin] were measured. EDITA blood samples were used for complete blood picture with special emphasis on platelet count and mean platelet volume [MPV]. The mean platelet volume [MPV] in patients was significantly higher than the control group, however, platelet count showed no significant difference. The serum mean values of MDA, GSSG, RP and sP-selectin in patients were significantly higher than the control subjects. On the other hand, the levels of IGSH and GSHin patients were significantly lower than in controls. MPV and platelet count showed significant positive correlations with sP-selectin concentration. Although toxoplasmosis is mostly asymptomatic, the findings of the present study strongly indicate that the occurrence of oxidative stress could be a potential mechanism of subclinical inflammatory pathology and tissue damage in these cases

Therapeutic effect of lauric acid, a medium chain saturated fatty acid on giardia lamblia in experimentally infected hamsters

Giardia lamblia is a common cause of diarrheal disease in humans, particularly among children causing nutritional disorders. Metronidazole and other nitroimidazoles are commonly used as the mainstay of therapy for giardiasis. The present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of lauric acid, a natural product extracted from coconut oil, against G. lamblia in experimentally infected hamsters [Mesocricetus auratus]. Sixty five laboratory bred hamsters were used in the current experimental study. Ten served as normal non infected non treated control group [A]. Fifteen uninfected hamsters served as drug control group [B]: five received metronidazole group [B1]; five received lauric acid group [B2] and five received combined treatment [metronidazole and lauric acid] at a half doses of each drug [B3]. The remaining forty hamsters were orally infected by 10,000 G. lamblia cysts/hamster [group C], and were divided into 4 groups of 10 hamsters each: infected control [C1]; metronidazole treated [C2]; lauric acid treated [C3]; combined treatment at a half dose of each drug [C4]. Two weeks after treatment, compared with infected non treated controls, the highest percentages of reduction in the number of Giardia cysts and trophozoites were in the group that received combined treatment [98.83%, 96.95%, respectively]. Lower percentages of reduction were recorded for the metronidazole treated group [93.77%, 95.50%, respectively] and the lauric acid treated group [82.03%, 78.76%, respectively]. Histopathological examination and electron microscopic examination revealed complete healing of intestinal mucosa after the combined treatment, while partial healing of the lining epithelium of the intestine was noticed after metronidazole or lauric acid treatment alone. Lauric acid improved the therapeutic effect against giardiasis when combined with metronidazole

Intestinal motility in acute uremia and effects of erythropoietin

To investigate intestinal motility changes due to uremia, and the effect of pretreatment with erythropoietin. This randomized control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt from September 2010 to July 2011. Forty adult female Wistar albino rats were allocated into 3 groups: control group, gentamicin-treated group, receiving intraperitoneal gentamicin sulphate [100 mg/kg for 5 days], and erythropoietin-gentamicin-treated group, receiving subcutaneous erythropoietin [1000 IU/kg for 3 days] prior to gentamicin injection. Isolated segments of duodenum and descending colon was subjected to in vitro motility study. Plasma creatinine and urea were assayed. Induction of acute renal failure by gentamicin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in frequency of contraction of the duodenum and descending colon, an increase in the average duration of contraction of the duodenum, and a significant decrease in the average force of contraction in the descending colon. Moreover, the average force of contraction in response to acetylcholine was significantly decreased in the duodenum. The erythropoietin-gentamicin-treated group revealed a significant decrease in plasma creatinine and urea, and a significant increase in the duodenal average force of contraction and motility index, and colonic frequency. The duodenal absolute and average forces of contraction after acetylcholine increased significantly. Acute uremia impairs small and large intestinal motility, probably due to uremic toxins and autonomic dysfunction. Erythropoietin pretreatment protected against intestinal dysmotility through the improvement of renal function and its neurotropic action.

Relationship between overall and abdominal obesity and periodontal disease among young adults

To assess overall and abdominal obesity and their relation to periodontal disease among young adults, body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC] were measured and clinical attachment loss [CAL], gingival index [GI] and Community Periodontal Index [CPI] were estimated. The sample comprised 380 adults [170 males and 210 females] aged 20-26 years. There was a significant correlation between both BMI and WC and CAL, GI and CPI in females. In males, a significant correlation was only recorded between WC and GI and CPI. Overall and abdominal obesity in young adult females and abdominal obesity in males were significantly associated with periodontal disease

Evaluation of the protective effect of isoprinosine against navelbine induced oxidative stress in mice

Many studies in vitro and in vivo have shown immunomodulating and antiviral activities of Isoprinosine [inosine pranobex]. Chemotherapy means the use of a drug which is most effective at, killing cells that are rapidly dividing. Vinorelbine [Navelbine, 5 oranhydrovinblastine] is a third-generation vinca alkaloid anti-tumor drug. It is widely used in the treatment of cancer such as advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [NSCLC] and advanced breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the possible protective effects of Isoprinosine in bacterially infected and non infected mice at a dose level of 8.75 mg/kg/day orally every second day for 15 days under the effect of anticancer Navelbine. Mitochondrial DNA fragmentation, Lipid pereoxidation [MDA], glutathione contents [GSH], phagocytosis test and serum level of immunoglobulin G and M antibodies were evaluated, a significant increase in liver homogenate and mitochondria protein carbonyl levels was observed in Navelbine alone treated mice when compared to control group. DNA fragmentation in homogenate and mitochondria was significantly increased in all test groups when compared to control group except Isoprinosine treated animal group which showed significant decrease in DNA fragmentation. The results of this study proved the immune protective and immunomodulatory effects of Isoprinosine against Navelbine induced toxicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected and non infected mice

Immunohistological examination of long term changes of the t-cell mediated immune response in egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C with and without schistosoma mansoni infection

The host immune response is playing a key role in liver injury occurring in patients with chronic hepatitis C or schistosomiasis or in case of coinfection. The rational of the current study is to investigate the cell mediated immunity in the liver of patients with or without cirrhosis due to hepatitis C or schistosomiasis or both. The CD3 [Tlymphocytes], CD4 [helper/inducer T-cells], CD8 [suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells], CD11b, and CD16 [NK activity] were counted immunohistochemically in liver samples using specific monoclones in four patient groups, non-cirrhotic patients free of schistosomiasis with hepatitis C [Group I], non- cirrhotic patients coinfected with schistosomiasis and hepatitis C [Group II], cirrhotic patients free of schistosomiasis with hepatitis C [Group III], and cirrhotic patients coinfected with both schistosomiasis and hepatitis C [Group IV]. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the four groups of patients regarding CD4 count. Patients without schistosoma coinfection and without cirrhosis [Group I] showed significantly [P < 0.001] risen counts of CD4+ compared to patients with coinfection and cirrhotic remodelling [Group IV]. For patients suffering from liver cirrhosis [Group III] significantly elevated levels of CD4+ lymphocytes [P = 0.014] were detectable compared to patients already suffering from liver cirrhosis and coinfection [Group IV]. The counted CD4 cells in chronic hepatitis C group without S. mansoni infection [group one] was found elevated versus the count of CD4 cells in the group with the coinfection [group two] and this was statistically significant [P = 0.01]. The CD8 count was statistically highly significant between the four groups. CD8 cells count in the two groups with the coinfection was found elevated against the other two groups with HCV infection only. On the other hand, the patients coinfected with schistosome without cirrhosis [Group II] and with cirrhosis [Group IV] showed a significant elevation of CD8 versus patients infected with HCV only without cirrhosis [Group I] [P = 0.001] and [P < 0.0001] respectively. Moreover, the patients coinfected with schistosome with cirrhosis [Group IV] showed a significant elevation of CD8 versus patients infected with HCV only with cirrhosis [Group III] [P = 0.022]. The obtained CD4/8 ratio was decreased in coinfected versus the nonconifected patients. The CD3, CD11b, and CD16 cells counts were non-significantly different among the four groups. Collectively, the schistosome coinfection increases the level of CD8 and decreases the CD4 count in livers of cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. In conclusion, the progression of liver diseases is associated with a dysregulation of cellular immune responses. T-lymphocytes cells may play a role in the immunopathogenesis of liver cirrhosis in patients with HCV and severely in coinfected patients with both hepatitis C and schistosomiasis

Protective effect of balanites aegyptia on antioxidant deffense system againt adriamycin-induced cariac toxicity in experimental mice

Samir A. El Masry, Mohamed M. Ebeed, Ibrahim H. El Sayed, Mohamed Y. Nasr and Khalil A. El Halafawy. Protective effect of Balanites aegyptiaca on antioxidant defense system against Adriamycin-induced cardiac toxicity in experimental mice. Adriamycin is an anthracycline antibiotic that is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent. However, usefulness of this agent is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. Increased oxidative stress and antioxidant deficit have been suggested to play a major role in adriamycin induced cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure due to multiple treatments with adriamycin. The rationale of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of Balanites aegyptiaca [B. aegyptiaca] as a source of the natural antioxidants against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in experimental mice. In present study, four groups [ten animals in each group] of experimental mice were used as follows: Group 1, mice not received both Adriamycin drug and B. aegyptiaca extract and served as a negative control group; Group 2, mice received Adriamycin intraperitoneally [2.5 mg/kg BW] in six equal injections over a period of two weeks for a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg BW; Group 3, mice orally administered with B. aegyptiaca extract [400 mg/kg BW], through an intragastric feeding tube over a period of three weeks; Group 4, mice treated orally with B. aegyptiaca extract plus intraperitoneally adriamycin administration [2.5 mg/kg BW]. Serum Lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], Creatine phosphokinase [CPK], Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase [GOT], Glutamate pyruvate transaminase [GPT], Lipid peroxide [LPO], total Nitric oxide [NO]. erythrocyte lysate Superoxide dismutase [SOD], Glutathion peroxidase [GPx] and plasma Catalase [CAT] were measured in all tested groups. The results showed that, Adriamycin elevated the activities of LDH, CPK, GOT, GPT, LPO and total NO content in the mice heart tissue. Also, Adriamycin drug reduced the activities of SOD, GPx and CAT. Pretreatment with B. aegyptiaca extract significantly [p<0.05] prevented these alterations and restored the enzyme activities to near normal levels. Application of B. aegyptiaca extract with Adriamycin drug either reduced or completely prevented its toxic effects. So, these findings demonstrate the cardio protective effect of B. aegyptiaca on antioxidant tissue defense system during Adriamycin induced cardiac damage in mice. Therefore it could be recommended for further investigation in this potentially new indication for clinical application

Production of leather fat liquoring agents from local sources as alternative for imported liquors

Local animal bone fat extracted from animal bone by-product was chemically treated with chlorosulfonic acid [15% chlorosulfonic acid based on weight of fat] to produce local leather fat liquoring agent. Different conditions include stirring time, reaction temperature, and presences of different solvents were investigated to obtain the optimum conditions of fat liquor preparation. The prepared fat liquor was found to possess a great emulsion stability and effective resistance towards different factors as pH and metallic ions. The prepared fat liquor was applied as fat liquoring agent for chrome tanned leather. The improvement of the quality of the fat liquored leather was manifested through the enhancement of chemical and physical parameters such as free and bounded fatty matter, tensile strength, and elongation at break, and through better visual properties and good general appearance of leather. The prepared fat liquor was used as an alternative for the imported fat liquors showing great performance and saving hard currency

Synthesis, antibacterial and anticancer studies for new thienopyrazolopyridine and azafluorene derivatives

Reaction of thiocyanoacetamide with 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde gave the corresponding 2-cyano-3-[3, 4,5-trimethoxyphenyl]- thioacrylamide 1. Reaction of I with ethyl acetoacetate gave the pyridine derivative 2. Cyclization of 2 with hydrazine hydrate gave the pyrazolopyridine derivative 3. Diazotization of 3 gave the diazenyl derivative 4. The latter compound 4 was reacted with malononitrile. acetylacetone and ethyl acetoacetate to give pentoazafluorene derivatives 5-7, respectively. Moreover, the cyclocondensation of compound 2 with ethylchloroacetate, bromoacetophenone, chloroacetamide and chloroacetonitrile gave the thienopyridine jerivatives 8, 11, 12 and 15. Reaction of 12 with formic acid and acetic anhydride gave the thiatriazafluorene derivatives 13 and 14, respectively. Some of the new compounds showed antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Compound 11 has good anticancer activity for liver, breast and colon cancers

Comparative study between marsh salt and salines salt from physical and chemical aspect

This study was conducted to evaluate the hygienic quality of the salt obtained from marshes [El-sayahat] and that from salines .The salt produced from saline was much better than that from marshes for the following reasons. March salt had inferior taste and colour quality compared with saline salt. The sodium chloride content in marsh salt reached up to 73%, while that from salines reached up to 97%. The iron content in march salt reached up to 2.270 ppm while that from salines reached up to 0.004 ppm. The copper content reached up to 1.385 ppm in salt produced from marsh while it was 0.292 ppm from salines. The cadmium content in marsh salt reached up to 0.135 ppm while it was 0.001ppm in salts from salines. The lead content in marsh salt reached up to 1.200 ppm while it was 0.001 in salt from salines. Sulfur pesticides residues in marshes salt ranged from 0.41 to 3.3 mg/kg. The authors recommended that mass media should educate the public about the deleterious effect of salt produced from marches on human health and legal actions have to be under taken against those who still produce salt from marshes

Extraorbital tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesions, idiopathic pseudotumors of the central skull base and sclerosing cervicitis: distinct or sole lesion?

To explore whether the terms: "Tumefactive Fibroinflammatory Lesion [TFIL]", "Idiopathic Pseudotumors [IPT]"and "Sclerosing Cervicitis [SC]" represent a single or separate clinico-pathologic entities. Literature review for the non malignant infiltrative lesions of the head and neck involving the central skull base. Orbital lesions were excluded. PubMed search using combinations of the following terms: pseudotumor, fibroinflammatory, non infective, non neoplastic, sclerosing, cervicitis, neck and skull base. Comparison of the definitions, incidences, etiologic factors, tissues of origin, routes of growth, clinical pictures, radiologic and histopathologic features, treatment modalities and outcomes of the cases reported under the three terms. Thirty five articles were identified describing: twenty six cases of cervical Idiopathic Pseudotumors [IPT] involving the central skull base and not originating from the orbit, eight cases of Sclerosing Cervicitis and 16 cases of Tumefactive Fibroinflammatory Lesions of the head and neck. The comparison showed that the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings of the "Tumefactive Fibroinflammatory Lesions", "Sclerosing cervicitis" and "Idiopathic Pseudotumors" are undistinguishable. All three lesions are steroid responsive with frequent remissions and exacerbations. Surgical treatment is followed by the lowest incidence of recurrence, yet it is not feasible in every case. The terms Tumefactive Fibroinflammatory Lesions, Sclerosing Cervicitis and Idiopathic [or inflammatory] Pseudotumors describe the same clinico-pathologic entity. The role of surgery in treating those lesions reaching the skull base is limited, secondary to their infiltrative growth

Turmeric may protect cells from oxidative stress by acrylamide in-vivo

Turmeric is a perennial herb; the rhizome is the portion of the plant that is used medicinally. It is the source of the spice turmeric with characteristic yellow color. Acrylamide is found in some foods that are cooked at high temperatures. It appears to be formed as a by product of the Maillard reaction. Maillard reaction is a type of non -enzymatic browning, which involves the reaction of simple sugars [carbonyl groups] and amino acids. Only the acrylamide monomer is toxic. Present work is focused on turmeric's antioxidant activity against acrylarnide toxicity. Rats were divided into three groups [7 rats/ group]. Group A served as negative control that was fed on standard diet [commercial diet] for 11 days. Group B was fed for 11 days on standard diet containing 0.34g acrylamide / kg diet as a positive control. Group C received standard diet with turmeric [0.5%] and same concentration 0.34g acrylamide/ kg diet for 11 days as a protective group. Results revealed that kidney, brain and lung tissues were disturbed when rats were fed on acrylamide diet. Turmeric had ameliorated the antioxidant status in these organs. It is concluded that turmeric as a natural antioxidant has protected from acrylamide toxicity

Relation between some nutrients intake and nutritional anemia among physically handicapped children in Egypt

The most common cause of anemia is a deficiency of iron, although not necessarily a dietary deficiency of total iron intake. Deficiencies of folates [or folic acid], vitamin B[12] and protein may also cause anemia. Ascorbic acid, vitamin E, copper and pyridoxine are also needed for production of red blood cells [erythrocytes]. Vitamin A deficiency is also associated with anemia. The disability defined as a limitation of the variety of movement that can interfere with the acquisition of independence as well as hamper the child's ability to interact with the environment. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of anemia and to evaluate the relation between some nutrients intake and nutritional anemia in physically handicapped children in Egypt. This study included 126 [62 boys and 64 girls] physically Handicapped aged from 6-

Health compromising behaviours and perception of student -teacher interpersonal relationship among secondary school students in Benghazi City, Libya

Adolescents are vulnerable to the risks of smoking, drug addiction, alcohol and violence. This is also a time of high risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS. This study was conducted firstly to investigate some of the health compromising behaviours present among secondary school students, their correlates and associations Secondly, to assess the students views and teachers perceptions about student-teacher interpersonal relationship and its correlation with the students' health compromising behaviours. A descriptive, cross-sectional study using a multistage, stratified, school-based, cluster sampling design conducted in Benghazi city, Libya where 985 secondary school students [440 girls and 545 boys] and 111 teachers in 21 secondary schools were included. Two predesigned tested self administered questionarriars were used for data collection, the first for students including open ended questions investigating different heath compromising risky behaviours. The second for both teachers and students to assess the perception and views of students and teachers about student -teacher interpersonal relationship. The results of this study demonstrate the high and increasing levels of risk behaviors among the students. Tobacco use was reported by [14.8%] of students [12.7%] current cigarette and [5.3%] water pipe smokers, Alcohol [7.0%] and drug use [9.4%], Sexual behaviour [16.6%], Unhealthy nutrition [64.4%], Unsafe driving [58.6%] and Violence related behaviour practiced by [42.7%]. Data also confirm the adolescents' tendency towards multiple risks where it was revealed that 63.5% of all studied students participate in two or more of the six investigated health compromising behaviors. By multiple regression analysis, male gender was the main influencing factor and additional work beside study found to be protective against involvement in risky practices. High mother education was found to be positively correlated with most of the risky behaviours among students. Significant correlation was found between the different investigated risky behaviours where violence related behaviour shows a highly significant positive correlation with all mentioned health risk behaviours. High discrepancies were found between the students' and teachers' perceptions related to their interpersonal relationship. Perceived poor relationship and communication with school teachers was found as one of the main determinants of risk taking behaviour among students. Strengthening the student - teacher interpersonal relationship may be protective against students' health compromising behaviours. The study findings provide valuable information to policy-makers, educators, health providers and community workers that can be used to improve the health and well-being of adolescents in Libya. Much more work must be done, through a multi-sectorial approach to promote a healthy population of adolescents and the young

Characterization of trypanosome evansi antigen by SDS-page and western blot

SDS-PAGE of T.evansi antigen after staining with commassie blue stain showed the presence of 26 bands ranging between 222.56 - 9.0 KDa. Western blot analysis revealed immunoprecipitation only with 2 proteins components with camels positive serum and had molecular weight of 98.976 and 16.678 KDa. While with mice positive sera revealed only one immuoprecipitation with protein component had molecular weight 16.678 KDa

Incidence of theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis in cattle in Tripoli - Libya

Bovine theileriosis, babesiosis and anaplasmosis are a haemoparasitic disease caused by protozoans of Genus Theileria, Babesia and Anaplasma respectively. These haemoparasites are responsible for considerable losses due to mortality, weight loss and a reduction in milk beside the cost of prophylactic measures. The results showed that 51 [11.7%] and 13[2.9%] out of 443 cattle from different localities in Tripoli-Libya by Giemsa stained blood and lymph node smears were infected only with Theileria species respectively. The incidence of Theileria species by Giemsa stained blood films examination in different localities in Tripoli was 0.0%, 22.7% and 35.4% in Engeela, Algyran and Fum-Mulgha respectively. While the total incidence of T.mutans, B.bigemina and A.marginale in the examined cattle by different ELISA kits were 50.6%, 12.9, and 3.4%, respectively. Also, the present work recorded mixed infection